{"id":4651,"date":"2025-02-09T01:33:08","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T01:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/?p=4651"},"modified":"2025-02-09T01:33:08","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T01:33:08","slug":"can-horses-eat-bananas-understanding-equine-dietary-choices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/archives\/4651","title":{"rendered":"Can Horses Eat Bananas? Understanding Equine Dietary Choices"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class='\"entry-header'>\n<div class='\"entry-meta\"'>\n<div class='\"post-thumb-img-content' post-thumb><img loading='\"lazy\"' decoding='\"async\"' class='\"attachment-large' size-large wp-post-image src="%5C%22https:%5C/%5C/allabouthorses.org%5C/wp-content%5C/uploads%5C/2023%5C/11%5C/Can-Horses-Eat-Bananas-featured-image-1024x701.jpg%5C%22" sizes='\"auto,' srcset='\"https:\/\/allabouthorses.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Can-Horses-Eat-Bananas-featured-image-1024x701.jpg' https: alt='\"Can' horses eat bananas featured image width='\"1024\"' height='\"701\"'>\n\n<div class='\"entry-content' clear>\n<p>Bananas can be a nutritious treat for horses, offering essential nutrients that can complement their regular diet. As herbivores with specific dietary needs, horses require a balanced diet that is high in fiber and has appropriate levels of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Can horses eat bananas? In small quantities, bananas can provide horses with additional potassium, an important electrolyte that supports muscle function and overall health.\n</p><p>When considering adding bananas to a horse\u2019s diet, it is crucial to adhere to safe\u00a0horse feeding\u00a0practices. Each horse\u2019s dietary requirements can differ based on their size, age, activity level, and health. Therefore, it\u2019s advisable to introduce any new treat, such as bananas, gradually and in moderation to prevent digestive upset or other potential risks and side effects. It\u2019s also important to ensure that the horse\u2019s primary diet remains predominantly composed of forage and to consult with a veterinarian or equine nutritionist for personalized advice.\n</p><div id='\"ez-toc-container\"' class='\"ez-toc-v2_0_71' counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction>\n<div class='\"ez-toc-title-container\"'>\n<p class='\"ez-toc-title\"'>Table of Contents\n\n<nav>\n\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"key-takeaways\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Key Takeaways\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li>Bananas are a suitable treat for horses, containing valuable nutrients.\n</li><li>Safe feeding practices are important when introducing bananas to a horse\u2019s diet.\n</li><li>Modifying a horse\u2019s diet should be done with consideration to their individual needs.\n\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"equine-nutrition-essentials\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Equine Nutrition Essentials\n<p><strong>Horses\u00a0require a\u00a0<strong>balanced diet\u00a0that includes a combination of\u00a0<strong>hay,\u00a0<strong>oats,\u00a0<strong>grass, along with a variety of\u00a0<strong>fruits\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>vegetables\u00a0to fulfill their nutritional needs. The diet should provide necessary\u00a0<strong>nutrients\u00a0like carbohydrates,\u00a0<strong>protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals.\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Hay: Serves as a primary source of\u00a0<strong>fiber\u00a0and is fundamental for digestive health.\n<li><strong>Oats: Often offered for their high-energy content and ease of digestion.\n<li><strong>Grass: Supplies natural fiber and nutrients when horses graze.\n\n<p>It is important to integrate\u00a0<strong>fruits and vegetables\u00a0cautiously. Horses can consume\u00a0<strong>bananas, including the peels, which offer potassium \u2013 they should be fed as treats and not as staple dietary items. The inclusion of fruits and vegetables should not exceed a sensible portion of the total diet to avoid digestive upset.\n<p>The equine diet must be rich in\u00a0<strong>fiber\u00a0to support a healthy gut, alongside adequate\u00a0<strong>protein\u00a0for muscle maintenance and repair. A horse\u2019s specific dietary requirements may vary based on age, weight, activity level, and overall health. Therefore, it\u2019s important to consult with a\u00a0<strong>veterinarian\u00a0or an equine nutritionist to tailor a diet that supports the individual horse\u2019s needs.\n<p>When considering new foods, introduce them gradually to monitor for any adverse reactions. A sudden change in diet can lead to health issues such as colic. Proper nutrition is crucial, so feeding must be consistent and appropriate for the horse\u2019s lifestyle.\n<figure class='\"wp-block-image' aligncenter size-large><img loading='\"lazy\"' decoding='\"async\"' class='\"wp-image-2974\"' src="%5C%22https:%5C/%5C/allabouthorses.org%5C/wp-content%5C/uploads%5C/2023%5C/11%5C/brown-horse-eats-leaves-and-foliage-in-autumn-image-1024x790.jpg%5C%22" sizes='\"auto,' srcset='\"https:\/\/allabouthorses.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/brown-horse-eats-leaves-and-foliage-in-autumn-image-1024x790.jpg' https: alt='\"Brown' horse eats leaves and foliage in autumn width='\"1024\"' height='\"790\"'><figcaption class='\"wp-element-caption\"'><strong><em>Brown horse eats leaves and foliage in Autumn\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"understanding-a-horses-dietary-needs\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Understanding a Horse\u2019s Dietary Needs\n<p>To ensure the health and well-being of horses, it is necessary to understand not only what they can eat but how their nutritional needs can be optimally met. This encompasses a balance of vitamins, minerals, and appropriate food portions tailored to the individual needs of equine animals.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"role-of-vitamins-and-minerals-in-equine-health\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Equine Health\n<p>Horses require a complex array of\u00a0<strong>vitamins\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>minerals\u00a0to maintain their health. Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C, for instance, are critical for proper\u00a0<strong>metabolism\u00a0and overall physiological functions. Minerals like\u00a0<strong>magnesium,\u00a0<strong>phosphorus, and\u00a0<strong>calcium\u00a0play vital roles in nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and building strong bones. A veterinarian or equine nutritionist can provide tailored advice to make sure that all dietary requirements are met to support horse health.\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Magnesium: Necessary for enzyme function, energy metabolism, and muscle relaxation.\n<li><strong>Phosphorus: Works in conjunction with calcium to support skeletal health.\n<li><strong>Calcium: For strong bones and teeth, as well as muscle function.\n\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"importance-of-moderation-in-feeding-treats\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Importance of Moderation in Feeding Treats\n<p>While horses enjoy treats such as fruits, it\u2019s crucial to offer them in\u00a0<strong>moderation\u00a0to prevent health issues. Excessive\u00a0treats for horses, especially those with high\u00a0<strong>sugar levels, can lead to obesity,\u00a0<strong>insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. For instance,\u00a0<strong>hyperkalemic periodic paralysis\u00a0(HYPP), an inherited condition found in some horses, can be exacerbated by high potassium levels in bananas. Therefore, treats should be given sparingly as part of a well-balanced diet.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"specific-needs-of-different-horses\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Specific Needs of Different Horses\n<p>Each horse is an individual with specific dietary needs varying with age, activity level, and health condition. Senior horses, for example, may have different requirements due to changes in\u00a0<strong>digestion\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>energy\u00a0needs. Equine with health conditions such as\u00a0<strong>insulin resistance\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>HYPP\u00a0require specialized diets to manage their conditions effectively. Always consult with a\u00a0<strong>vet\u00a0to design a diet that\u2019s suitable for a horse\u2019s unique nutritional needs.\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Senior Horses: Often require diets with easily digestible fiber and added vitamins.\n<li><strong>Equine with Insulin Resistance: Benefit from low-sugar diets to manage energy levels.\n<li><strong>Horses with HYPP: Need low-potassium diets to avoid triggering symptoms.\n\n<p><strong>Related:\u00a0How Much Does It Cost to Feed a Horse?\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"benefits-of-bananas-for-horses\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Benefits of Bananas for Horses\n<figure class='\"wp-block-embed' aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio>\n<div class='\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"'>\n<div class='\"ast-oembed-container'><iframe loading='\"lazy\"' title='\"\ud83c\udf4c\ud83d\udc34' do horses like bananas. can eat bananas src="%5C%22https:%5C/%5C/www.youtube.com%5C/embed%5C/AEXMo1QbW48?feature=oembed%5C%22" width='\"1200\"' height='\"675\"' frameborder='\"0\"' allowfullscreen='\"allowfullscreen\"' data-mce-fragment='\"1\"'>\n<figcaption class='\"wp-element-caption\"'><strong>Source and Video Credit:\u00a0Catherine Haggerty\n<p>Feeding bananas to horses offers a variety of health benefits due to their high nutritional value, including vitamins, minerals, and energy-providing carbohydrates. Appropriate consumption can also support their digestive health.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"nutritional-value-of-bananas\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Nutritional Value of Bananas\n<p>Bananas are a rich\u00a0<strong>source of nutrients\u00a0for horses, providing essential vitamins and minerals. They contain significant levels of\u00a0<strong>Vitamin C,\u00a0<strong>Potassium, and\u00a0<strong>Vitamin B6, all important for the horse\u2019s overall health. Bananas are also an excellent source of\u00a0<strong>dietary fiber, which can aid in digestion and gut health.\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Vitamins: Vitamin B6, Vitamin C\n<li><strong>Minerals: Potassium\n<li><strong>Fiber: Good source\n<li><strong>Sugars: Naturally occurring\n\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"bananas-as-a-source-of-energy-and-vitamins\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Bananas as a Source of Energy and Vitamins\n<p><strong>Bananas provide horses with natural sugars, which can be converted into\u00a0<strong>energy. This makes them an ideal choice for a healthy treat that can help sustain energy levels during periods of work or training. The\u00a0<strong>Vitamin B6\u00a0in bananas is crucial for the metabolism of proteins and the formation of red blood cells, while\u00a0<strong>Vitamin C\u00a0is an antioxidant that helps protect the body against damage from free radicals.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"promoting-digestive-health-with-bananas\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Promoting Digestive Health with Bananas\n<p>The dietary fiber in bananas is beneficial for a horse\u2019s digestive system, helping to prevent issues like\u00a0<strong>constipation. The fiber content facilitates regular bowel movements and can contribute to the prevention of\u00a0<strong>stomach ulcers\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>gastric ulcers\u2014common problems in stabled horses. The natural\u00a0<strong>antioxidants\u00a0in bananas may offer further benefits for maintaining a healthy gut environment.\n<figure class='\"wp-block-image' aligncenter size-large><img loading='\"lazy\"' decoding='\"async\"' class='\"wp-image-2975\"' src="%5C%22https:%5C/%5C/allabouthorses.org%5C/wp-content%5C/uploads%5C/2023%5C/11%5C/brown-horse-surrounded-with-trees-grazing-on-grass-image-1024x682.jpg%5C%22" sizes='\"auto,' srcset='\"https:\/\/allabouthorses.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/brown-horse-surrounded-with-trees-grazing-on-grass-image-1024x682.jpg' https: alt='\"Brown' horse surrounded with trees grazing on grass width='\"1024\"' height='\"682\"'><figcaption class='\"wp-element-caption\"'><strong><em>Brown horse surrounded by trees grazing on grass\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"safe-feeding-practices\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Safe Feeding Practices\n<p>When introducing bananas to a horse\u2019s diet, understanding safe feeding practices is crucial, including preparation, portion control, and recognizing signs of allergies.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"preparing-bananas-for-horses\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Preparing Bananas for Horses\n<p>Bananas should be offered to horses in a form that is easy to chew and digest.\u00a0<strong>Wash the bananas thoroughly,\u00a0especially if they are not organic, to remove any pesticide residues. The\u00a0banana peel, though generally safe for consumption, should be checked for bruises or damage, and it can be removed if there is concern over potential contaminants.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"appropriate-portion-sizes-and-frequency\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Appropriate Portion Sizes and Frequency\n<p>Moderation is key to feeding horses bananas. Horses enjoy bananas, but like any treat, they should not replace the\u00a0regular diet of hay\u00a0or grass.\n</p><ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Portion Sizes:\u00a0A single banana can be a suitable portion size.\n<li><strong>Frequency:\u00a0Introducing bananas up to once or twice a week should not disrupt their regular dietary routine.\n\n<p>Consulting with a\u00a0<strong>veterinarian\u00a0can offer guidance on specific portion sizes appropriate for individual horses.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"awareness-about-potential-allergies\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Awareness About Potential Allergies\n<p>Although allergic reactions to bananas in horses are rare, it\u2019s crucial to observe the horse closely after introducing bananas for the first time. Signs of an\u00a0<strong>allergic reaction\u00a0may include hives, itchiness, or swelling. If any symptoms of an\u00a0<strong>allergy\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>illness\u00a0appear, discontinue feeding bananas and consult a\u00a0<strong>vet\u00a0to determine the cause. Taking these\u00a0<strong>precautions\u00a0aids the health and safety of the horse while enjoying this treat.\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"potential-risks-and-side-effects\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Potential Risks and Side Effects\n<p>While bananas can be a tasty treat for horses, introducing this fruit into their diet must be done with caution. Owners should be aware of the potential risks and side effects, such as choking hazards, excessive sugar and calorie intake, and issues arising from the fruit\u2019s high potassium levels which can affect horses with certain medical conditions.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"choking-hazards-and-how-to-avoid-them\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Choking Hazards and How to Avoid Them\n<p>Bananas can pose a\u00a0<strong>choking hazard, especially if they are fed in large pieces or to horses that tend to gulp their food. To reduce this risk, bananas should be sliced into small, manageable pieces. Horse owners should always supervise their horses while they\u2019re eating bananas to intervene in case of choking.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"risks-of-excessive-sugar-and-caloric-intake\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Risks of Excessive Sugar and Caloric Intake\n<p>Bananas are high in\u00a0<strong>sugar, which can contribute to\u00a0<strong>weight gain\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>obesity\u00a0in horses if fed in large quantities. Horses that are\u00a0<strong>insulin resistant\u00a0or diabetic should have their banana intake strictly monitored or avoided, as the natural sugars can lead to spikes in\u00a0<strong>sugar levels\u00a0and subsequently disrupt their insulin management.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"conditions-aggravated-by-high-potassium-levels\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Conditions Aggravated by High Potassium Levels\n<p>High potassium levels in bananas may trigger\u00a0<strong>hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), an inherited condition in certain breeds of horses. Affected horses can suffer from muscle trembling, weakness, or even collapse. If a horse has\u00a0<strong>HYPP, a veterinarian should be consulted before adding bananas to its diet. Horses with this condition require a low-potassium diet to avoid triggering adverse side effects.\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"alternatives-to-bananas-and-variety-in-diet\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Alternatives to Bananas and Variety in Diet\n<p>While bananas can be a healthy treat for horses, offering a variety of safe fruits and vegetables can contribute to a well-balanced diet. It\u2019s crucial to ensure treats are given in moderation to maintain a horse\u2019s overall health.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"incorporating-other-safe-fruits-and-vegetables\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Incorporating Other Safe Fruits and Vegetables\n<p>Horses can enjoy a range of\u00a0<strong>fruits\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>vegetables\u00a0as part of their diet. Safe options include:\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Apples:\u00a0They are a favorite among many horses and can be fed in moderation.\n<li><strong>Carrots:\u00a0Rich in nutrients and a crunchy snack that horses often appreciate.\n<li><strong>Pears:\u00a0Should be given sparingly due to their higher sugar content.\n\n<p><em>Avoid feeding\u00a0items like onions, potatoes, and tomatoes, as these can be harmful to horses.\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"healthy-treat-options-for-horses\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Healthy Treat Options for Horses\n<p>When it comes to\u00a0<strong>healthy treats, it\u2019s important to consider the horse\u2019s individual dietary needs.\u00a0<strong>Organic treats\u00a0can be a good option, ensuring the absence of unwanted pesticides. Here are some examples:\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li><strong>Commercial horse treats:\u00a0Many of them are designed to be both nutritious and appealing to picky eaters.\n<li><strong>Banana peels:\u00a0May be offered as a treat, though confirm they are organic to avoid pesticide residue.\n\n<h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"understanding-the-role-of-treats-in-a-well-balanced-diet\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Understanding the Role of Treats in a Well-Balanced Diet\n<p>Treats should complement a horse\u2019s diet, not replace it. A\u00a0<strong>well-balanced diet\u00a0typically consists of forage, such as hay or grass, and may be supplemented with grains and a mineral lick. Treats, whether a\u00a0<strong>sweet treat\u00a0like a slice of banana or a crunchy carrot, should be just that\u2014treats given occasionally and:\n<ul class='\"wp-block-list\"'>\n<li>Not exceed more than 10% of the horse\u2019s total diet.\n</li><li>Always introduced into a horse\u2019s diet gradually to prevent digestive upset.\n\n<p>Remember, while fruits like bananas can be part of a horse\u2019s diet, the key is\u00a0<strong>moderation.\n<h2 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"frequently-asked-questions\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Frequently Asked Questions\n<p>Bananas are often considered as treats for horses, but owners must understand the proper ways to feed them and recognize the associated risks.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"are-bananas-a-safe-treat-for-horses\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Are bananas a safe treat for horses?\n<p>Yes, bananas are generally safe for horses to consume in moderation. They provide essential nutrients that can be beneficial to a horse\u2019s diet.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"is-it-possible-for-horses-to-consume-the-peels-of-bananas\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Is it possible for horses to consume the peels of bananas?\n<p>Horses can eat banana peels; however, they should be washed to remove any pesticides or chemicals. It\u2019s important to introduce peels gradually to their diet to avoid any digestive issues.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"what-is-the-appropriate-serving-size-of-bananas-for-a-horse\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>What is the appropriate serving size of bananas for a horse?\n<p>A horse can typically have one or two bananas a few times a week as a treat. It is crucial to consider the overall diet and individual health of the horse when determining serving size.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"what-fruits-should-be-avoided-in-a-horses-diet\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>What fruits should be avoided in a horse\u2019s diet?\n<p>Certain fruits, such as avocados, are toxic to horses and should be avoided. Persimmons can cause intestinal blockage, while seeds and pits from fruits like apples and cherries can pose a choking hazard or contain harmful substances.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"can-horses-safely-eat-other-parts-of-a-banana-plant\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>Can horses safely eat other parts of a banana plant?\n<p>While horses may safely nibble on other parts of the banana plant, such as the leaves, these are not commonly included in their diet and should be given in limited amounts.\n</p><h3 class='\"wp-block-heading\"'><span id='\"what-are-the-potential-risks-of-feeding-horses-bananas\"' class='\"ez-toc-section\"'>What are the potential risks of feeding horses bananas?\n<p>Overfeeding bananas can lead to excess sugar consumption, which might contribute to obesity or dental problems. Horses with metabolic issues should have a restricted sugar intake, including the sugars found in bananas.\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"</p><p>Bananas can be a nutritious treat for horses, offering essential nutrients that can complement their regular diet. As herbivores with specific dietary needs, horses require a balanced diet that is &hellip; \n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4651"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4653,"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4651\/revisions\/4653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megastorytales.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}</p></span></h3></span></h3></span></h3></span></h3></span></h3></span></h3></span></h2></strong></p></li></ul></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></li></strong></li></ul></strong></strong></p></span></h3></em></p></strong></li></strong></li></strong></li></ul></strong></strong></p></span></h3></span></h2></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></p></span></h3></span></h2></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></p></strong></li></strong></li></ul></span></h3></strong></p></span></h3></span></h2></em></strong></figcaption></figure></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></li></strong></li></strong></li></strong></li></ul></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></figcaption></iframe></div></div></figure></span></h2></strong></p></strong></li></strong></li></strong></li></ul></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></strong></li></strong></li></strong></li></ul></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h3></span></h2></em></strong></figcaption></figure></p></strong></strong></strong></p></strong></strong></p></strong></li></strong></li></strong></strong></li></ul></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p></span></h2></li></ul></span></h3></nav></p></div></div></div></div></div></header>